From the Mamluk "Legal Pluralism" to the Ottoman "Legal Unity": Ottoman Legal Administration in the Arab Lands after 1517 Hierarchy, Rank and Academic Excellence: The Change in Attitude of Religious Scholars towards Government Employment From the 15th to the 16th Centuries Three Ottoman Jurists’ Opinions about the Safavids and the Qizilbash from the First Half of the Sixteenth Century The Kanun Laws and Sharia Courts in Egypt during the Mamluk-Ottoman Transition (1517–1524) Jurisprudence as the Language of Opposition in Early Modern Egypt: Egyptian Scholars and Ottoman Tax Reform