Charismatic Authority in Early Modern Shi'ism Thou Shalt Emulate the Most Knowledgeable Cleric Usuli Shi’ism and the Eighteenth Century Islamic Reformation Shi’i-British Relations and the Creation of Iraq Modern Usuli Shi‘ism as a Transnational Movement Shi‘i Activism and British Imperialism in Iraq: State Formation, Resistance, and Disenfranchisement Islam in the Writings of Bahāʾu’llāh