Claudia Ghrawi is a research fellow at Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO)in Berlin and a historian by training. Her research focuses on the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia) and Syria in the 20th and 21st centuries. She is particularly interested in urban history, urban-rural relationship, oil urbanization, social protest, land disputes, and ecological destruction. Currently, she is turning her PhD dissertation on oil urbanization and urban protest in Saudi Arabia into a monograph.