Building a tariqa on the path of pilgrimage: Zayn al-Din Khwafi’s (d. 1435) travel to Hijaz in 1419-1421 Between comradery and conflict: Narratives of encounters between Sufis in the fifteenth century Sacral kingship and Muhammadan shaykhhood in the post-Abbasid era: The case of the Sufis of Herat An al-Ghazali in the Fifteenth Century: A Comparative Reading of Khwafi’s Apology of Sufism Segregation of Mystical Life in Timurid Herat