Turk-Arab Relations in Rifa'a Rafi' al-Tahtawi’s An Imam in Paris: Identitarian Anxieties in intra-Middle Eastern interactions The Rivalry between the Poet and the Doctor: The Trope of Sickness in Late Ottoman Literature Poetics and Politics Reconsidered: Ruins and ʿImāra in Classical Arabic Qaṣīda Redefining the Ottoman Literature: Ziya Pasha’s Harabat and Comparative Middle Eastern Literatures Beyond a Monolingual Nahda: The Role of Translations in the Works of Maruf al-Rusafi "Ottoman Literature Means Arabic Literature": The Ottoman Canon and the Classical Arabic Heritage in Hacı İbrahim’s Works