Engagements of Aristotle by 'Amr b. Bahr al-Jahiz Agony in prose: the poet Ka‘b b. Mālik on his ostracism at Medina Banausic Professions in Early Arabic Poetry: The Bow and the Pearl Dawud al-Ta’i, Self Distancing, and Manumission Derivative Virtuosity in the Manṭiq al-Tayr of Ibn al-Wardī