Re-reading Hamidian Morality as a Subject of Study and as a Text: Identifying Multiple Sources of Authority Envisioning, Sculpting, and Exhibiting the (Strong, Beautiful, and Healthy) Male Body in Late Ottoman Istanbul Creating New and Challenging Old Conceptions of Bourgeois Masculinity: the Male Body in Late Ottoman Istanbul Performing the Nation: Sports and Modernity in the Late Ottoman Empire “My Dear Brother”: Bonds of Friendship in Ottoman Sports Clubs Building Blocks of the Nation(s): Male Bodies in Early-Twentieth-Century Istanbul A Global Brotherhood in a “City Without Any Civic Consciousness”: The YMCA During the Armistice Sports and Communal Boundaries in Late Ottoman Istanbul