Transformation of the Islamic Gender Norms: Sufism, Modernity and Gender in Turkey Female Religious Authority and Islamic Feminist “Counterpublic” in Turkey: The Case of Rifai Shaykha Cemalnur Sargut Training Sufis in the Secular University: The Rifaiyye and The Institutional Transformations of Sufism in Turkey The Visionary Female Guardian of Turkish cultural Heritage: The Case of the Samiha Ayverdi Sufism, Universalism, and Nationalism in Cold War Turkey: The Case of Female Shaykha Samiha Ayverdi Agent of Change or Guardian of Tradition?: Sufism, Gender, and Nationalism in Cold War Turkey