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The Late 11th Century CE Almanac Poem of Nashwān b. Sa‘īd al-Ḥimyarī
Abstract
The Yemeni scholar and poet Nashwān b. Sa‘īd al-Ḥimyarī (d. 573/1117), most known for his Arabic dictionary Shams al-‘ulūm, was also a poet. One of his surviving poems is an urjūza on the solar calendar known as the Syrian or Rūmī months, starting with Tishrīn al-Awwal (October). This paper will edit and translate the poem, analyzing its relation to similar Yemeni almanac poems, especially that of ‘Abd Allāh b. As‘ad al-Yāfi‘ī (d. 768/1367). The poem relates the months to the stellar calendar of 28 asterisms known as the anwā' or manāzil al-qamar. Although brief, there is mention of the changes in weather affecting health, diet, clothing, sex and other activities. Such information related to a scholarly astronomical and medical tradition that did not necessarily reflect usage in Yemen, except as a guide. In his study of the poetry of Nashwān, Qāḍī Ismā‘īl al-Akwa‘ notes that he often enraged his contemporaries, especially the Zaydī elite at the time. Unlike the formal view of the first Zaydī imam, al-Hādī ilā al-Ḥaqq, Nashwān believed that any reputable person could become imam, not necessarily from the Prophet's descendants. It is reported that he attempted to become imam himself. Not surprisingly, he praised the Southern Arabs of Yemen over the incoming Zaydīs, resulting in much condemnation by them. His response to the abuse was defiant, as expressed in one of his poems: "The lions tried to seize me, but in vain, How then can ants succeed, or bedbugs!"
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Yemen
Sub Area
7th-13th Centuries