During the interwar period, Moroccan Jews found themselves in the crosshairs of several competing visions of modernity. A multitude of voices across French and Spanish Protectorate Morocco claimed Jews for their particular political and social platforms. These voices included Moroccan nationalists of various stripes, Zionists, Communists and assimilationists and those arguing for French naturalization. Focusing on Jews in large urban centers such as Casablanca, Tangier, and Fez, this paper argues that Moroccan Jews both embraced and rejected aspects of each of these visions of modernity (and with them, aspirations for Morocco’s future) to affect change in their local communities as well as nationally. Prevailing historiography of Moroccan Jews has often treated them as inert, swept up in subsequent waves of political and social cause and effect. Through an exploration of the interwar Moroccan press, police surveillance reports and Protectorate documents, this paper repositions Moroccan Jews as active agents with high stakes in Morocco’s increasingly vibrant political consciousness and visions of both colonial and independent modernity. Following the First World War, Moroccans, like so many colonized peoples around the globe, became more acutely aware of themselves in a broader, international sphere with claims to sovereignty. This atmosphere gave rise to several Moroccan nationalist groups predicated on an Arabo-Muslim Moroccan identity which sought, to varying degrees, the participation of Jews in the national liberation project. Zionist also outposts grew during the interwar period. European Zionists entered the country and spread propaganda, newspapers and organized meetings even though the Protectorate authorities thoroughly forbade it. The Alliance Israelite Universelle – a French Jewish philanthropic organization with the goal of preparing Jews for citizenship in their countries of origin – represents yet another political factor. Through its expansive network of schools, Alliance propaganda argued for assimilation in the French model, and its students often sought French naturalization. Finally, Moroccan Jews embraced more universalist models of modernity: the interwar period witnessed a flourishing of leftist movements, leagues for human rights and most notably, the International League Against anti-Semitism (LICA), another French Jewish organizations that Moroccan Jews supported and used to voice indigenous concerns. As this paper will demonstrate, all of these factors underline how Jews were both active agents as well as subjects in a wider international and nationalist debate on Moroccan modernity