Abstract
This paper examines the pathways of medical practitioners in the Levant during the interwar, taking Beirut as a focal point. In these pathways, Beirut was a multidimensional meeting point as it represented an intellectual hub with two medical faculties, one attached to the American University of Beirut (AUB) and the other to the Université Saint-Joseph (USJ) managed by French Jesuits. Beirut was simultaneously a point of arrival for those desiring a medical education, a point of departure for those having received said education and leaving to practice in the region and beyond, and an anchor point for those who decided to settle there after their studies. All in all, Beirut constituted a space of encounters and a place of passage for physicians.
Nevertheless, this circulation was not specific to the mandate period, as Beirut became an educational center during the late Ottoman period. Yet, the mandates were a unique moment in terms of spatiality and territoriality. A transition is visible from free circulation within an empire to gradually more complex movements between nations newly created and not necessarily representing local populations’ opinions. In this context, physicians educated in Beirut kept pre-mandate networks and considered the new borders set up by the League of Nations in inconsistent ways. These professionals saw the region as a whole, communicating, collaborating, and navigating through it with the aspiration of creating a pan-Arabic community.
Concurrently, the mandates’ administrations tried to impose boundaries to these “nation-states in the making” and, from the 1930s, we see increasing restraints on this circulation when it did not serve imperial purposes. The French, for example, encouraged a unidirectional circulation of the doctors trained at the USJ towards British mandates, as it contributed to the French influence in the region. On the other hand, the British in Palestine limited the practice of medicine to Palestinians or permanent residents from 1935, making the circulation of doctors less fluid.
Through alumni journals from the AUB and the USJ, as well as administrative archives from the French and British mandates, this paper aims to demonstrate the particularity of the mandate period in the Levant in terms of medical circulation, with Beirut at its center. To do so, I adopt a transnational and trans-imperial approach, thus expanding the scholarship that considers the Levant as a whole rather than national entities during the interwar period.
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