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Remapping the Maghreb Through The Saharan Paradigm: Maghregraphies on the Sahara
Abstract
The Maghreb has been approached from a variety of theoretical prisms. However, the Sahara has interestingly not theorized to serve as a paradigm for the investigation of the meaning and location of the Maghreb. In light of a growing body of literary works published in the last fifty years and which I label as Maghregraphy, I argue that literary representations of the Sahara remap the Maghreb both as a geographical and literary space. In their seminal work, Mille Plateaux , Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari have distinguished between two types of space: un espace lisse (a smooth space) and un espace strié (a striated space). While the first is characterized by its openness, accommodation of creativity and adaptation to the nomadic penchant of its users, the second is fenced, bordered and by its very organization limited and limiting. Maghregraphy deploys mobility, connectivity and absolute openness associated with the “smooth space” to depict the Sahara’s resistance to spatial management and territorial organization. Moreover, Maghregraphy subverts widespread misconceptions that the Sahara is inherently barren and anarchic. Analyzing novels by Souag, Ould Ibnou, al-An??ry, al-Koni, and others, I advocate a remapping of the literary Maghreb through the prism of Maghregraphy about the Sahara as a realm of connection, movement, openness and subterranean solidarities. I argue that the postcolonial Maghregraphies that I examine in this paper resist the “striated” space of the nation-state and undermine the boundaries (linguistic and conceptual) inherited from the colonial era. Moreover, Maghregraphy reclaims the Maghreb, which also includes parts of sub-Saharan Africa, as a site of life, production, and myriad exchanges. These works, the paper demonstrates, challenge notions of quadrillage (gridding of all sorts), post-colonial borders and policing strategies that are detrimental to realization of the full meaning of Maghrebiness, which transcends its geopolitical location. Piecing together Maghregraphies’ engagement with language politics, spatial divisions and politics of place, I contend that the Sahara offers a new paradigm from which to reconceptualize the Maghreb beyond the prevalent binaries. Also, reading in Maghregraphy opens up a wide array of possibilities for ecocritical engagement with the Maghreb as a nomadic potential that is in permanent shift across place and time.
Discipline
Literature
Geographic Area
Maghreb
Sub Area
African Studies