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From Lyautey to Ropars: language politics and the French Republican Model
Abstract
Language politics were a major preoccupation for colonial administrators in Morocco under the French Protectorate (1912-1956). From Lyautey’s Berber Decree in 1930 that triggered resistance by both Imazighen and Arabs to Captain Ropars, who ran the French Protectorate’s Anti-Atlas mountain military post in Ighrem from 1949-1952, language was at the center of colonial ideology and was considered to function as “the treasury of the thought of an entire people” (Herder). I will argue that the French colonial republican model of integration was unsuccessful in controlling the minds and the souls of the indigenous Moroccan population. In Morocco’s diverse multilingual context, the French administrators’ ideal of linguistic and cultural cohesion was ineffective in imposing a cultural model that does not correspond to the nature of a culturally diverse population. I will posit that Moroccan cultural identity that is anchored in an Arab-Islamic cultural heritage hindered the French colonial administration from unsettling the foundations of this historical belonging.
Discipline
Language
Geographic Area
Morocco
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries