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Childrenʼs Sexuality in Late Ottoman Empire and Its Legacies in Contemporary Turkey
Abstract
Sexuality is located at the intersection of the discipline of bodies and the regulation of population. As Michel Foucault discusses, the instrumentalization of different axes including pedagogy, medicine, and economics, “made sex not only a secular concern but a concern of the state as well; to be more exact, sex became a matter that required the social body as a whole, and virtually all of its individuals, to place themselves under surveillance” (The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction, 116). In addition to the imperial control over bodies through disciplinary and regulatory measures, the increasing importance of population led to the imposition of the same measures upon sexuality and to the construction of a new regime of sexuality in Ottoman Empire during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Correspondingly, the promotion of ideas of family, nation, generation, futurity, hygiene, and public health positioned children as important agents who were subject to the same measures of the imperial regime of sexuality. In my paper, I will, first, investigate the manifestations of the imperial regime of sexuality in children’s magazines and, second, discuss the legacies of this imperial regime of sexuality in contemporary Turkey, with a specific focus on the Justice and Development Party (JDP) era. Discourse analysis will constitute the main methodology. The examinations of children’s magazines will be supported through discussions in alternative sources including women’s magazines, scientific publications, and literary pieces. I will mainly contend that even though sexual discourse was hidden, the concept of sexuality was deemed important through the promotion and encouragement of heterosexual norms, relations, intimacy, family, marriage, and reproduction. Through my argument, I not only aim to illuminate the processes of construction of heteroerotic and heterosocial intimacy in the late Ottoman Empire, but also would like to highlight the similar discourses used under the JDP government. In my paper, first, I will explain and discuss the developments with respect to sexuality during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in different areas by putting them into a conversation with the pre-nineteenth context and conditions. Second, I will examine varied children’s magazines in order to figure out the ways in which sexuality is discussed and represented and in which children’s sexuality is regulated, and (re)configured. Lastly, I will analyze the contemporary political debates on sexualities of youth during the last two decades of modern Turkey.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
Sub Area
None