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Reflections on “Precarity” and “Precarious Work:” Theoretical and Empirical Insights from Lebanon
Abstract
How does the view from the Global South and the Arab world shape our understanding of precarity and precarious work? How do those who live precarious lives shape the social justice agenda and emancipatory struggles? The main objective of this paper is to offer analytical precision to the concept of precarity and precarious work rooted in the epistemology of the global south and the Arab world in particular. I argue that "precarious work" and the precariat have become catch-all concepts lacking theoretical strength and analytical precision. While referring to the erosion of stable work in the post-Fordist era, the conceptualization of "precarious work" is tied to Western-centric approaches (see Guy Standing 2011). I propose instead a critical political economy approach from the Global South. Combining theoretical insights from the literature on informality, marginality, exclusion, and disposability, archival research, secondary literature, and preliminary fieldwork conducted in Northern Lebanon's poorest city, Tripoli, I argue that those who live precarious lives have not simply lost an occupational identity and an occupational narrative. Rather, I account for how they are exposed to violent and lethal processes under neoliberal and non-democratic regimes, as is the case for Lebanon's neoliberal sectarianism. Such violence and lethality enacted against precarious bodies is exposed amid one of the worst financial crises and a global pandemic that made it clear that such precarious bodies are discardable and disposable. I also move away from depicting precarious workers as "dangerous." Such depictions further contribute to their criminalization. Instead, I seek to account for their anger and resistance under neoliberal sectarianism as a dignifying mechanism that seeks to redeem their human dignity amidst political, social, and economic processes that dehumanize them. In doing so, I draw attention to how precarious workers in the informal economy (such as fishermen, street vendors, etc.) and the urban poor in Tripoli resisted the violence and lethality of neoliberal sectarianism during and in the aftermath of the 2019 uprising.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Lebanon
Sub Area
None