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Monarchical Authoritarianism and Political Parties in Morocco: Limited Elections as Positional Strategies
Abstract
What factors explain the persistence of monarchical authoritarianism in Morocco? This paper argues that the monarchy’s religious authority and its use of rituals of power limit the ability of Islamist and non-Islamist opposition groups to contest the monarchy’s legitimacy. The study goes beyond most institutionalist accounts of authoritarian persistence by exploring the micro-dynamics of symbolic power and the extent to which the regime uses rituals of power to create a political culture conducive to the monarchy’s supremacy in the socio-political realm, thus promoting regime stability in Morocco. These rituals have been institutionalized in the political system and have become part of the political discourse in Morocco. The paper examines the effects of the ritualization of the political process on political parties in Morocco. Evidence from elite interviews conducted with some 50 political officials and party members suggest that regime’s rituals of power inhibit any mobilizational support for political parties. As a result, political parties are engaged in a war of position to press for governmental accountability and to tackle some of the chronic socio-economic problems facing Morocco. Political parties engage the state in an institutional strategy manifested within the context of limited elections, which provide an opportunity for political parties to challenge monarchical hegemonic supremacy in the political system. The monarchy’s religious authority and its use of rituals of power impede the ability of political parties to mobilize, and to penetrate Moroccan society. The prevalence of this cultural and social hegemony contributes to the stability and resilience of the monarchical authoritarian regime in Morocco.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Morocco
Sub Area
Maghreb Studies