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Transitional Differentiation in Urban and Digital Crowds: Reassessing the Place of Hay Ettadhamon, Tunis
Abstract
The popular area of Hay Ettadhamon (Solidarity District) in western Tunis is notorious throughout Tunisia as a place of crowds, theft, poverty, illicit alcohol and drug dealing. It was also the first place in the capital to see protests during the 2010-2011 uprising. Yet, many residents claim that in fact the area has become middle class, pointing to high levels of “consumption” as proof of this class standing. A post-revolutionary spike in internet use serves to evidence high consumption levels. Internet use soared in popular neighborhoods of Tunis, Tunisia following the revolutionary uprising. In spite of pronounced economic constraint, by 2015, most households in low-income areas of the capital were accessing the internet through cell phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers. This paper will compare two different neighborhoods of Hay Ettadhamon: one of these neighborhoods, located near to the city’s light rail system, first began developing in the 1960s, while the other is peripheral and has only recently taken shape in the wake of the 2010-2011 revolutionary uprising. The paper will highlight differentiation in urban form between these two neighborhoods and how these differences impact resident perceptions of the two areas, where the latter is viewed as dangerous and insecure. The paper will further show how these perceptions impinge on discourse about social class and internet use. At issue are the ways the revolutionary uprising prompted shifts in urban formation, identity and sociality that are ultimately inseparable from a sudden desire for and dependency upon the internet. Juxtaposing discourse about the internet with various forms of actual internet use in the area serves to substantiate why some residents identify as middle class while also countering projections of Hay Ettadhamon as a places of homogenous crowds. The paper draws upon 15 months of ethnographic dissertation fieldwork with children, adolescents, and adults in two dozen area internet cafes, three preparatory schools, and an NGO.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Tunisia
Sub Area
Technology