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A New Source for the Study of Early Shi'a Ghulat
Abstract
Except for a small number of original ghulat writings, the teachings of 8th-9th cc. ghulat were hitherto mainly known from outsider accounts, i.e. heresiographic texts, which are necessarily biased and skewed. The very few original texts, on the other hand, such as Kitab al-sirat, Kitab al-haft wa l-azilla, or Umm al-kitab, have very uncertain origins and are extremely difficult locate in time and space. This is why the recent publication of a multivolume series of Nusayri texts titled "Silsilat al-turath al-‘alawi" is a more than welcome news for the students of early ghuluw, as it contains a treasure trove of excerpts from texts written by representatives of earlier ghulat groups. The texts published in this series not only shed light on the teachings of various ghulat groups, but also help us better understand the convoluted fates of the already known texts written by Shi'a “extremists.” In my presentation I will discuss the value of the newly-published Nusayri corpus as a source for studying early Shi'a ghuluw. In particular, I will demonstrate how it helps us better understand the teachings of two 9th century ghulat groups, the Muhammadiyya and the Ishaqiyya, and how it enables us to revise our knowledge about the date, authorship, and history of two of the aforementioned ghulat texts, Kitab al-sirat and Kitab al-haft wa l-azilla. One of the findings that I have been able to make thanks to those Nusayri texts, e.g., is that Kitab al-haft wa l-azilla, a text attributed to Ja'far al-Sadiq’s mysterious companion Mufaddal al-Ju'fi, is but one of the numerous writings of a similar genre, all of them likely written by 9th century ghul?t. I was further able to discover that this treatise consists of at least seven distinct textual layers, the earliest of which could have been written as early as the 8th century, and the latest, in the 11th, and that the book itself was finally put together in the second half of the 11th century. Careful study of this Nusayri corpus is yet to turn up many more discoveries about the history, teachings, and literature of the Shi'a ghulat.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Iraq
Sub Area
7th-13th Centuries