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Landscaping Gardens in Urban Egypt: Hospitals and Gardens in 19th-20th Century Cairo, Alexandria and the Suez Canal Cities
Abstract
When looking at the historic record, the landscaping of palaces, urban areas, and institutions was connected to the benevolence of those in power and became a means of demonstrating their care for the land, people, and an attachment to what was useful and aesthetically pleasureful. In nineteenth century cities, large-scale—and small—public urban parks and were integrated into the built environment. Going to nature was no longer only for the bourgeois who could escape the city for the county. Landscape architects like the American Frederick Law Olmsted designed suburbs, urban neighborhoods, cemeteries and parks as spaces where nature could enter the city. This meant that caring for urban green spaces became an important part of the governance of the city. In Egypt parks were built and began to be trafficked by different classes of Egyptians, but primarily the elite. As Adam Mestyan described it became a place to be go out and be seen, especially for the elite and the royal family in Egypt. Additionally, private residences, and in particular, hospitals and schools across Egypt started to include a disciplined and design garden landscape in spaces both large and small. What this paper will examine is the rise of landscape architecture in 19th century Egypt, which has been tragically understudied, and how these gardens were maintained and cared for by individuals and institutions. Using case studies of parks in Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said and Ismailia this paper will compare the ways in which landscapes were designed and built depending on the urban environment and the institution in which they were placed. Thus, how were hospitals designed in the 19th century and how did the garden become an essential part of the institutional design of these medical/healing spaces. Using photographs, newspaper journals, and plans this paper begins the process of understanding the ways in which gardens were designed and how they were cared for, and by whom.
Discipline
Architecture & Urban Planning
Geographic Area
Egypt
Sub Area
Urban Studies