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Negotiations of Power Between Nonviolent Protesters and the Nation-State: The Idiosyncratic Case of Jordan's 2018 Tax Law Demonstrations
Abstract
Despite the political upheaval and challenges that accompanied the Arab Spring, Jordan managed to stay largely immune to this regional turmoil. However, Jordan’s internecine affairs ultimately surrendered to the Hirak movement and its political activism in more recent years. While this nonviolent grassroots movement has no affiliation to the traditional opposition or political parties and no training in nonviolent resistance, activists maintained nonviolence and sent a very sophisticated message to all nonviolent protesters around the world. Drawing from 30 semi-structured interviews, this study investigates how activists were able to organize, plan, unite, and commit to self-control and nonviolent resistance, even when police periodically shifted to violence. Intriguingly, these youth opted for nonviolence without any training or education in nonviolence and no previous practical experience. In addition, this study looks into the shift of protests from big cities to rural and tribal communities that once were the backbone of the Hashemite government. It also explores how the shift in culture has empowered women and removed cultural restrictions around gender roles. The sample ranged from activists (arrested and not arrested, educated and uneducated, men and women, urban and rural) to social control agents. The findings demonstrate that the Hirak movement committed to using nonviolence to avoid what happened in neighboring countries. However, lack of strategic planning, leadership, and selectiveness of approaches limited the movement’s success. Finally, the shift of Jordanian tribal society from the government side to the opposition created a stronger platform for the movement.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Jordan
Sub Area
Current Events