The comparative politics literature of the Mena area studies has been dealing in the last 40 years with the issue of the Islamic politics. This is one of the main issues of contemporary politics because the integration of Islamist and Salafi movements in the modern political community is a condition for a successful process of democratization. However, nationalist elites are opposed to it in the name of a modernist vision of the polity based on the classical modernization and secularization theory. While Islamist and Salafi literature has been dealing with this topic from different points of view (historical, political, sociological, anthropological) never the relationship between religion and political community building was dealt of as such. Based on a political theory approach, this book proposes to analyze the Islamic politics as part of the process of modern political building and tests its hypothesis to the specific case of Tunisia. In particular, it uses the framework of Political Theology and argues against the modernists that the modern politics derives from religion. It postulate therefore that Islam has its own specific relation to the politics that has influenced the process of political building on two level. On the first level, it created the categories for understanding the modern political institution; on the second, it provided a model of political mass mobilization. I call those two levels ‘modernist’ and ‘revivalist’. While the former aims to justify modernization as it appears in its liberal and democratic institutional shape, the latter is a form of revolutionary politics because demands for personal and collective engagement for the practical transformation of society.