Abstract
Bad Girls of Jordan: An Oppositional View Which Enables Creative Self-Actualization
Ever since Virginia Woolf asked for "a room of one's own," women have carved spaces for themselves within or outside the embodied communities they live in. Arab women are no exception, and their awareness of positive spaces, alongside a continuing interest in women's and feminist issues, has enhanced their ability to question and unsettle the scope and underpinnings of patriarchy, and revealed their agency in naming and defining who they are as Arab women. In this paper I describe and analyze an attempt by one group of “bad” Jordanian women, all university students, to claim such a space for themselves.
"Bad woman," as the term is used within an Arab context, connotes irresponsible, sexually promiscuous, and immoral behavior. Embedded in the notion of the "bad" woman are powerful ideologies of gender that construct the woman as fallen, bitchy, and promiscuous, all phrases that suggest condemnatory lifestyles that warrant a woman's stigmatization or sometimes her death. It is possible, perhaps even necessary, to look at so-called "bad" Arab women, specifically young Jordanian women, as women who come to resist the dominant masculinist constructions through the appropriation of feminist discourses of womanhood.
Sexual harrassment occurs on streets, and university campuses, yet scant research has been done on sexual harassment at universities. Based on a brief field study at the University of Jordan, a group of students confirmed the ubiquity of sexual harassment on campus. They found that sexual harassment is normative and that the mechanisms to keep this behavior in check are minimal at best and absent at worst.
Through recounting their struggles against sexual harassment on campus in a short movie, four young students transformed themselves from victims into empowered agents of resistance. Nonetheless, in the eyes of people, these women are bad girls who have defied the system and transgressed the borders of propriety and must be disciplined. The public identity of the "bad" woman, must be demythologized so that women are not held responsible for the decline of Arab nations. Rather than accepting the meaning of "badness" which is complicit with patriarchal gender roles and, indeed, Arab culture, we should revise and reclaim its meaning and voice opposition to its cargo of signification and framings. "Bad" women, in Arab countries, are new women whose strong voices engage in thinking, deliberating, questioning, and negotiating.
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