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Gendering the Margins: Gypsy/Roma Women Seeking Justice in Early Modern Ottoman Istanbul
Abstract
Years of research on the court records have demonstrated that women from various religious and social backgrounds approached the Ottoman sharia court for diverse reasons including but not limited to resolving any issues regarding inheritance, to make donations, to administer their property, to engage in artisanal, financial and mercantile transactions, to negotiate terms of their marriage contract and divorce settlements and to seek justice against the domestic violence and sexual brutality. One of the main purposes of this paper, then, is to contribute this valuable scholarship by dwelling upon Gypsy/ Roma women, one of the least –if not the least – explored segments of the multi-ethnic and multi-religious women of the Ottoman world. Through reading the court records of Üsküdar from 1540s to 1640s and supplementing them with the other court registers of the greater Istanbul as well as registers of the Imperial assembly, this paper will attempt to situate the presence of Gypsy within these records, both quantitatively and qualitatively. As we shall see, visibility of Gypsy women within the court registers of sixteenth-century early modern Istanbul in general and Üsküdar in particular is rather limited compared to their Muslim and non-Muslim female contemporaries. The reason behind this limited presence is one of the questions I shall try to answer in this paper. Next, an attempt shall be made to map out the reasons which made the Gypsy women came to the court to seek justice. Finally and more significantly, by reading some of the court cases in which Gypsy women sat either as a defendant or litigant, an attempt will be made to demonstrate not only means of textual construction of gender and “ethnic” difference in the textual world of the Ottoman court records but also analyze when and how Gypsy women could really “speak” at the court to negotiate their plights.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Ottoman Empire
Sub Area
None