Google Ayosh AnyVision and Big Data’s Shadow Archive In 2019, the Israeli newspaper Haaretz published an expose revealing an Israeli facial recognition start-up, AnyVision, was supplying facial recognition software to Israel’s surveillance apparatus throughout the West Bank. Not only were their cameras used at high-volume border-crossings, Haaretz detailed a secret military operation, nicknamed Google Ayosh, that installed AnyVision’s cameras at clandestine location across East Jerusalem and the West Bank. While Ayosh is the Hebrew acronym for Judea and Samaria, the biblical name for the occupied Palestinian territories, Google referenced the powerful capabilities of AnyVision’s biometric database, which immediately identifies millions of Palestinians based on illicitly gathered photographs as seamlessly as searching for a name on a search engine. This paper takes the nickname “Google Ayosh,” as a starting point to historicize the dangerous intimacies between older tactics of colonial governance and contemporary big data. Drawing from Alan Sekula’s theorization of photography’s “shadow archive,” I thread through the archives of 19th century criminology, Britain’s imperial passport regime in Mandate Palestine, and Israel’s permit system in the occupied Palestinian territories, arguing AnyVision emblematizes the “shadow archive” of big data and the pervasive forms of surveillance it subtends. Digital or analog, these archives are not so much a physical place where photographs are sequestered but a threshold through which the terms of political inclusion and the scope of state-sovereignty are quite literally fleshed out. Emphasizing such continuities links contemporary forms of surveillance to more engrained technologies of colonial rule that have long been contested by those who endure their effects. The provocation these histories make is that Palestine, and other sites of colonial rule, should be central to any study of contemporary surveillance.