The proposed paper, which is based on a new book project, examines the contentious but misunderstood relationship between Iran and Israel-Palestine. It focuses on the elements that have shaped how Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC or Revolutionary Guards, the powerful military conglomerate charged with guarding the Islamic Republic) views Israel-Palestine in the context of Iran’s modern history; and is based on an analysis of Persian-language primary sources produced by the IRGC and other official Iranian outlets, as well as primary and secondary sources in Persian, Hebrew, Arabic, and English. In contrast to the accepted characterization of the IRGC as steadfastly ideological, expansionist, and hostile to Israel, in their own sources and statements IRGC leaders espouse a much more nuanced and flexible position, seeking primarily security and the advancement of Iran’s own national interests rather than hegemony or direct conflict. The analysis reveals that Iran’s position on Israel is best understood not in terms of Islamic-revolutionary ideology but rather as a product of its opposition to colonialism and Western intervention in the Middle East and as part of its efforts to define its own place in the world. Particularly important is Iran’s view that the Israeli occupation of Palestine represents and should be recognized as a lasting and negative vestige of Euro-American domination of the region. Accordingly, the paper demonstrates that Iran’s opposition to Israel, while often overstated, is in fact a significant component of its foreign policy, but one that can only be understood in terms of other, more important aspects of its strategic outlook. In other words, the paper argues that Iran’s opposition to Israel is a product of the particular circumstances and conditions that have shaped Iran’s post-revolutionary history and its determination to control its role in international affairs. That crucial context tends to get lost in existing analyses and, especially and relatedly, in the dominant and persistent place the Iranian threat has assumed in Israel’s official narrative. However, and in contrast, this paper contends that Iran’s opposition to Israel is not absolute or permanent, as its national and security interests promote flexibility and forestall the formation of such sclerotic positions.