In his comments on the famine of 1200 in Egypt, al-Baghd?d?, who was a celebrated physician in the Abbasid court, suggested that the bodies of the dead could be used to study the anatomy of the human body. Al-Baghd?d?, who was accused of performing postmortem dissection, was part of a debate around the legality of using human bodies to study anatomy. This theological and philosophical question had many dimensions. On one hand, it put into question the nature of the medical theory and the importance of the science of anatomy towards the understanding of diseases and cure. On the other hand, it raised questions related to the sanctity of the human body and the limits to the reach of science and scientists. Last, but not least, an overarching question concerned the relations between science and religion and how such relation should be managed and dealt with. Al-Baghd?d? was part of a tradition of religious scholars addressing the questions of medicine and medical knowledge extending through al-Maqdis? (13th centuries), Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyah (14th century), al-?uy??? (15th century), al-Qaly?b? (17th century) to al-?A???r (18th century). All these treatises modified/portraied a consistent continuous dialectical relation between religious thought and theological theory, on one hand, and the medical thought and practice, on the other. This paper raises questions related to the role of theological and religious thought in the creation and the circulation of medical knowledge. In doing so, a different understanding of the relation between science and religion is tested. Such understanding does not share the premises of the European renaissance experience, where the religion was perceived as the arch-enemy of scientific reasoning and theory. However, it presents a framework, where the religious and theological discourses and theories play a significant role in creating and recreating the givens and the conclusions of the medical theory alongside the scientific and philosophical intellect. The paper will study a number of writings by al-Suy???, al-Qaly?b?, al-Damanh?r? and al-?A???r, among others, to depict their understanding of the process of the production and circulation of medical knowledge and their perception of the interactions between science and religion. Through analyzing the intellectual context, in which these treatises and writings were produced, the paper will try to redraw the role played by religious and theological discourse in the formulation and propagation of the scientific discourse.