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Prison and Fortress: Home in the Kurdish Experience of War
Abstract
This paper analyses a series of "home narratives" gathered in Yuksekova district of Hakkari, a Kurdish town located on the Iraqi-Turkish border. In Hakkari, the border was a significant marker of people's lives and imaginations as at once a physical and a socio-psychic entity. Not a mere consequence of physical location, this was a dynamic product of the histories of economic and political movements across the border. Ruled under an aggressive State of Emergency Rule from 1980 to 2003, Hakkari was also one of the major sites where the war between Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Turkish army has been the bitterest. Wars and armed conflicts are rarely fought only at the battleground. Rather, they find their ways into the most intimate domain of the home, disrupting it in a variety of ways. Perhaps the most important aim of those under conditions of war or after is to maintain a sense of home, a sociality created around the home, other than their life security. This article will trace the ways in which people have struggled to create and maintain the sense of being at home in violent moments of the last century. I want to draw a picture of war and survival by tracing how people have made homes or been unable to make them. And how in this process, the meanings of home and what is associated with it have changed. I will focus on narratives on three historical and political moments that are most emphasized in the narratives and life stories I gathered: the genocide and deportations of the Armenians as well as other non-Muslim populations of Hakkari in 1915 that turned the region into a home only for the Muslim Kurds; the destruction of homes as rural Hakkari was depopulated as a part of the recent counterinsurgency warfare against Kurdish guerrillas, and the struggles of people to make homes and maintain the sense of being at home after they came to Yuksekova.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries