Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study aimed at exploring the portrayal of women’s rights through political cartoons by women cartoonists from Turkey, Iran and Egypt. It seeks to uncover both the universal and unique ways in which these rights are communicated, delving into the dialogues that cartoons facilitate across different cultural landscapes. By employing Mieke Bal’s concepts of “focalization” defined in terms of “selection,” “vision or gaze” and “presentation,” this research intends to investigate how cartoons act as a medium for translating the untranslatable of women’s rights, emphasizing the local and cultural specificities that global narratives often overlook (2006). These cultural specificities are portrayed through a unique emphasis on the portrayal of who perceives the events within each cartoon, rather than on the symbols and literary tropes used or who the cartoonist as narrator is.
The core question guiding this investigation asks how political cartoons by women in these countries portray women’s rights and what these portrayals reveal about the untranslatable aspects of women’s struggles and achievements within these societies. To approach this inquiry, the study will utilize a comparative qualitative analysis of political cartoons, informed by Bal’s theoretical framework. This involves analyzing cartoons by Doaa Eladl (Egypt); Seida Sardashti, Mana Neyestani, and Firooza Muzaffari (Iran); and Ipek Özüslü, Hilal Özcan and Menekşe Can (Turkey), focusing on how women’s rights are depicted within distinct cultural contexts. These cartoons, characterized by their use of humor, satire, and symbolism, juxtaposed with a unique take on focalization provide commentary on both the advancements and challenges in the pursuit of women’s legal and social rights, personal freedoms and gender equality. The anticipated conclusion of this paper is that political cartoons transcend mere artistic expression, serving as critical ‘focalized’ bridges between the global concepts of women’s rights and their local, untranslatable dimensions.
Highlighting the distinct perspectives of women cartoonists from Turkey, Iran, and Egypt in depicting focalization, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the global struggle for women’s rights. It will underline the significance of considering cultural context in feminist discourse and advocate for recognizing political cartoons as a significant form of a Deleuzian “fold” for social and political commentary with legal relevance (1988). Through this comparative lens, the research seeks to enrich the discourse on art, politics, and women’s rights, demonstrating the value of cartoons in shaping and reflecting public discourse on gender equality and justice.
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