The activity of Jewish anti-Zionist communists during the era of British rule in Palestine (1917-1948) is one over looked dimension that contributed to the formation of Palestine’s Arab national identity. The Palestine Communist Party (PCP), founded by Jewish anti-Zionist immigrants to Palestine in 1924, sought to mobilize support of the Arab peasantry and urban workforce against both Zionism and British colonialism. By the early 1930’s, this group began disseminating its anti-colonial and anti-Zionist messages by distributing leaflets at the largest Islamic celebration in Jerusalem, the annual al-Nabi Musa (Prophet Moses) festival. Significantly, their rhetoric also condemned Palestine’s Arab elite national leadership for colluding with British colonialism. This paper will focus on the hostile response communist activity and rhetoric elicited from Palestine’s Arab elite and Arab professionals, such as journalists. Following Zachary Lockman’s approach of studying Arab and Jewish history in Palestine through a “relational paradigm” that identifies how Arabs and Jews “shaped one another in complex ways and at many levels,” (Comrades and Enemies: Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906-1948, 1996, p. 9), we argue that this Arab response, appearing in Arabic newspapers, such as Filastin and al-Jami`a al-`Arabiyya, reinforced an Arab and Islamic identity that discounted any possibility of cooperation with Jews, even those endorsing anti-Zionist and anti-colonial ideas. Despite the appeal of the Jewish communists’ class-based rhetoric, highlighting issues of great concern to the Arab peasantry and workers attending the festival, such as indebtedness, landlessness, and British colonialism, this rhetoric, however, clashed with the national and political ideals the Arab elite and middle-strata of young professionals propagated, of founding, though political means, a modern, Arab Palestine, incorporated into the larger world-capitalist economy, in which they remained as the country’s political leaders. The Arab elite and journalists discredited these class-based messages by accentuating their Islamic and Arab identity in contradistinction to the European, Jewish identity of the communists. In addition, communist calls to end British rule and forge a society based on class solidarity of Arab and Jewish peasants and workers were met by Arab cries emphasizing a conservative political agenda in support of maintaining diplomacy with the British. The interaction of Jewish anti-Zionist communists and Arabs at the 1930’s al-Nabi Musa ceremonies resulted in the Arab elite and professionals intensifying their Arab and Islamic identity as they sought to defuse the anti-colonial, class-based rhetoric of the communists.