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The Science Kept in Silence: Historical and Historiographical Analysis of Astrology in the Early Modern Ottoman Context
Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, we will question the narrow-minded historiography which 'eclipses' the gravity of astrology in various dimensions of early modern Ottoman world. While the reasons of such biased and degrading attitude shaped largely by modern day 'scientism' will be addressed through a closer examination of works dedicated to the history of science and/or ideologies in the Ottoman Empire; the potential dangers of such scholarly habits and misconceptions will be discussed in the light of recent revisionist scholarship in the European historiography. The panorama of the current historiography will be complemented by selected fifteenth and sixteenth century sources varying greatly among genres. Instead of focusing exclusively upon a specific genre and/or the oeuvre of a specific producer-transmitter of astrological knowledge, we will gauge various sources to underline how central was the place of astrology in the intellectual maps and minds of the early modern Ottomans. Astronomical/Astrological Calendars prepared by Muneccimbashis (Court Astronomers/Astrologers), Astrological Treatises produced and/or translated by renowned figures of their times, Manuals for Incantations and Magic, Malhama Literature as a particular form of prognostications, Medical Treatises, Chronicles, Biographical Accounts, Encyclopedic Works and Poetry are among these sources into which the astrological lore did widely infiltrate. This multifariousness in terms of genres is an indication on its own suggesting how astrology, as a focal point of Ottoman world interpretation, had influences in many different aspects of early modern intellectual framework. Yet, the sources in question will not only be utilized to underline this ubiquity of astrology. There are number of questions this paper will enjoy to tackle with, and present as possible directions for further research: What were the sources and mechanisms of the transmission, (re)production and surfacing of the astrological knowledge in distinct contexts of the early modern Ottoman world. What kind of knowledge was defined as 'astrological'? To what extent did astrology find a place in the 'scientific' institutions and the curricula? What was the measure astrology was used as means of expression in political and ideological struggles? Was there any link between the flourishing of astrological knowledge and the apocalyptic visions prevalent in the period? How was astrology received in different social circles? Was there any distinction between "astrology as the science of the learned" and "astrology as the practice of the folk"? What was the concerning legal/religious attitude? Which groups were supportive and which were highly critical?
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Islamic World
Sub Area
Ottoman Studies