Abstract
I examine Mohamed Leftah’s Demoiselles de Numidie, a novel narrating the violence endured by a group of prostitutes, “des filles-cicatrices,” working for two Moroccan men named Zapata and Spartacus. The novel is set in post-independence Casablanca, but those familiar with Leftah’s other novel, Hawa, know that Zapata was born to Warda, a Moroccan prostitute working in Casablanca’s quartier Bousbir, the red-light district built under the French protectorate and operating from 1922 to 1955, and an American soldier who was stationed in Morocco during WWII. I argue that Leftah is envisioning the postcolonial imaginary as “une cicatrice” or a scar, whereby Zapata, half Moroccan and half American with the name of a Mexican revolutionary, navigates this new scene by playing both a pimp to his prostitutes and a prostitute to the Danish Ingvar, who promises him residency in Denmark. Spartacus is the other pimp masquerading with the name of an escaped slave leader and a Thracian gladiator. The chaotic and murderous environment reigning in this novel is emblematic of the chaos and corruption characterizing the postcolonial condition in Morocco, referred to by the narrator as “la cicatrice,” the “scar” that Zapata makes on the bodies of his prostitutes as he marks them with his knife after he owns them. This “cicatrice” is the lasting scar of the injuries perpetrated by colonization, reminiscent of the other lasting scar left by syphilis, known in some circles as “the French disease.” In this narrative, where the Moroccan pimp sodomizes the Danish sexual tourist, Nadia and Sophia alternate lesbian and heterosexual acts, Spartacus ends up “sodomized” (enculé) by getting his eye pierced (énuclé) by Rose, a prostitute, after she learns that her friend dies in a murder-suicide. In his unique way of decentering French as the language of the novel and the structuring skeleton of the postcolony, Leftah suggests that this skeleton stands by these “files-arbres” while the pimps are the chancres, the genital lesions, the parasites, living off the suffering of these women, the same as French colonization is the disease that is still eating up this scarred body. The postcolonial condition, according to my interpretation of Leftah’s novel, is but a scar left from the colonial condition, for which the society’s most vulnerable, the prostitutes, pay the heaviest price. As globalization replaces direct colonization, we witness avatars of real revolutionaries governing a world of repression and violence that ends up turning against them.
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