This paper focuses principally on Iran’s regional security objectives in the Persian Gulf through the lens of its Hormuz Peace Endeavor (HOPE), a proposal outlined by former President Rouhani in September 2019 at the United Nations General Assembly. Calling for the inclusion of all Persian Gulf littoral states in a single collective security system, and advocating for the exclusion of non-regional powers, a close examination of this plan aids our understanding of how Iran’s vision for Persian Gulf security cooperation departs from the existing framework of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states backed by U.S. military forces in the region. After describing the core tenets of HOPE and explaining how this plan would revise the collective security status quo in the region, the paper then seeks to answer how, after coming to office in 2021, President Raisi and his administration have referred to the HOPE framework, particularly given that this initiative was proposed by a political adversary and ideological opponent. Furthermore, the paper describes the lukewarm response toward HOPE from the Arab Gulf states, as well as the intransigence of the United States regarding the prospect of its withdrawal from the region. Lastly, the paper examines the ‘Axis of Resistance’ foreign policy concept advanced by the Raisi administration, with particular attention to statements by government officials, including Foreign Minister Amir-Abdollahian, calling for the institutionalization of this principle in practice. Through this comparative analysis, a clear picture of how the tension in Iran’s post-revolutionary domestic politics, between conservative and hardline factions on one hand, and reformists and moderates on the other, is made manifest in two competing visions for regional security.