Abstract
For over 100 years, Palestinians have faced violent settler colonialism featuring land theft, ethnic cleansing, and Indigenous annihilation, both epistemic and physical, and which has centered settler, rather than Indigenous, futurity and security. While this settler colonialism resembles that faced by Indigenous peoples across the globe, the specific anti-Palestinian racism (APR) undergirding it differs. Contemporary scholars conceptualize APR as including violent attempts to silence, deny, and punish Palestinian dissent to their dehumanization, displacement, and dispossession, particularly after the Nakba. The world has seen APR writ large since Israel began bombing Gaza in October 2023. States, public and private institutions (including colleges and universities), and police forces across the “west” have mobilized to both deny the genocidal violence occurring and simultaneously silence, dehumanize, and punish Palestinians and their allies demanding an end to it.
This silencing of Palestinian voices articulating specific grievances against real and well-documented assaults on their lives and livelihoods is rooted in nearly a century of Zionist efforts to obfuscate, deny, and racially gaslight Palestinians challenging their ongoing dispossession and murder. Guided by Palestinian scholars addressing APR, and Palestinian history and epistemologies more broadly, alongside Indigenous, critical race, and settler colonial theories, this paper identifies and elucidates the historic precursors to both contemporary APR and its significant violent material consequences for Indigenous Palestinians as they were articulated in the US between 1917-1948.
Data for this paper is extracted from multiple local, national, and international Zionist organizations across the US and housed at the American Jewish Archives (Cincinnati, OH), Center for Jewish History (NYC), Wyner Family Jewish Heritage Center (Boston), and New York Public Library. In addition to explicitly racist tropes about Palestinians appearing throughout the archival materials, I focus on discursive constructions of Palestinians in discussions of Zionist expansion of settlement colonies and migration, mobilizing a defense force, and arguing for an explicitly Jewish state, amidst both Palestinians’ resistance to these phenomena and international debates about the future of Palestine’s Mandate. Zionists’ multiple and overlapping discursive strategies, often relying on and resembling conceptions of Indigenous peoples on Turtle Island, featured settler futurity, security, and both featured and prefigured, Indigenous annihilation and, like contemporary APR, obscured, denied, and elided the violence already occurring in Palestine and presaging the Nakba. Understanding APR’s development and pervasive dissemination in media-based, political, and public discourses for Palestinian dispossession historically across Turtle Island, is essential to developing strategies challenging it to facilitate Palestinian liberation.
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