The paper discusses the Israeli rehabilitation and resettlement of Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip after 1967. It draws attention to the role and meaning of construction materials and construction work within Israel’s effort to extinguish the Palestinian refugee status. Concrete was the primary material used by Israel’s colonial agencies and military government to construct permanent dwellings for Palestinian refugees. Apart from its constructional qualities, cement also enabled Israeli planners to materialize a Mediterreanean aesthetic for future Gaza, one that would link the city to an imagined pre-Arab history of the region. Mediterranean architecture embodied long-percolating Zionist ideals of belonging to a de-Arabized Middle East and was carried out in accordance with Israel’s exclusive national citizenship structure. Sand, the main aggregate of cement mixture and a terrain dominating the landscape of the Strip, emerged as key to Israel’s effort. It was both plentiful and cheap within the Strip and pointed to Gaza’s Mediterranean belongness. Sand and cement thus became a source for conflict over material control between UNRWA and the Israeli military government. As archival records illustrate, Israel claimed international humanitarian aid funds for its own national development budget, thus effectively terminating the economic and the political control UNRWA exercised vis-à-vis the refugees. The politics of enlisting refugees’ basic dwelling needs to dismiss their historic rights was embodied in the everyday technocratics of concrete supply and aesthetics. Concrete and sand manifested Mediterranean architecture was thus embraced by Israeli architects as a form of colonial pacification both to end the refugee crisis by assimilating the refugees into the Gaza strip cities, and to ensure the refugees’ ongoing dependence upon Israel’s “development”.