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Interlocutor, Activist, FOAF, Character: Participation Roles of a Bahraini Twitter Parody Account
Abstract
Since the 2010–2011 Tunisian revolution triggered protests across the Middle East and North Africa, parody accounts focusing on the Arab world have proliferated on Twitter. Drawing on shared cultural and linguistic knowledge, creators of these accounts animate fictitious public speech of Arab (and sometimes Western) leaders as a form of political satire and critique. This paper focuses on one exemplary account, @SheikhKhalifaPM, parodying the Prime Minister of Bahrain, Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa. Despite the 2011 suppression of physical protests in Bahrain, a robust contestation of institutionalized power structures has continued online; this particular account is highly active and participates in multiple linguistic environments. Drawing on texts in Arabic and English, I examine the participation framework this account inhabits and the production format it navigates; in this context I track its interactions with other Bahrain-focused accounts, international parody accounts, journalists, activists, and politicians, as well as an assortment of personal accounts. Through this analysis, I develop an approach to parodic genres specific to Twitter and the larger environment of the internet, showing 1. How the account employs different forms of recontextualization to challenge institutional power; and 2. How affordances of this social media platform—including ease of machine translation, design of retweets, conjunction with visual media, and what Androutsopoulos has recently termed “emergent heteroglossia”—influence participants’ perceptions of relation and meaning.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Bahrain
Sub Area
Media