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“His grandmother is a good deal younger than him:” The Druze discourse about children who speak about previous lives
Abstract
The transmigration of the souls (taqammus) is a common part of the belief-system of the Druze communities in the Middle East. The human body is considered a mere “shirt” (qamis), with the soul putting on a new “shirt” when someone dies. That is, every time a person dies, his or her soul immediately moves to a new body where it completes a new “life-circuit” (dawr or jil). As a result, each human being is only the current manifestion of a soul that had taken, and will take, its place in the world with other identities. Normally, a soul’s present and previous identity do not become enmeshed because souls do not remember their previous lives. But sometimes children start to speak about a previous life. According to Druze discourse, such “speaking” (nutq) indicates that a soul is still clinging to its previous life identity and place, remembers elements of its former life, and often the moment of death itself. Time and again, stories are told about “speaking” children who insist that they are someone else, maybe want to be with another family, or talk about how they died. This paper is based on an ongoing research project involving interviews with Druze communities in Lebanon and Israel, and with Syrian Druze refugees in Austria. It examines the Druze discourse on transmigration and explores how transmigration relates to personal and social identity. More specifically, this paper examines the phenomenon of “speaking” and the discourse about it. How do typical cases develop? Do they necessarily come to a closure? Most importantly, in cases of “speaking,” one soul may become associated with two families (the previous-life and the present-life family). This often results in various types of confusion, conflict, and disorder. What is personal identity under these circumstances? To which family does the particular child belong? Which difficulties and responsibilities arise, or at least are often reckoned with or anticipated? How do those involved deal with this double belonging? In light of such problems, what are those whose child “speaks” supposed to do? Should they listen to the “speaking” child and try to enable him or her to find the loved and lost previous life? Or should the child be “silenced”?
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
The Levant
Sub Area
None