The Ottoman territories had been inundated by the waves of mass migration from as early as the 1850s on. Post-settlement environment reveals a volatile local scene in which the newcomers were settled next to the ‘established’ order of inhabitants and wandering nomads, creating a duality between migrants and indigenous communities. This paper, therefore, ventures to examine the above-mentioned volatile environment from the perspective of the refugee slave conundrum. I will try to answer the questions of how and to what extent the Ottoman state was able to cope with the ongoing refugee crisis along with the abolitionary course that they seemed to embark. What would be the social outcomes of the slave refugee crisis in the Ottoman Empire? How did the worsening conditions of the Muslim refugees hamper the abolitionary motives of the Ottomans? Specifically, this paper will be seeking to reveal the conditions of the Muslim refugees, who were enslaved by other Muslims of the empire. On the one hand, the second half of the nineteenth century witnessed various abolitionist movements against slavery and the slave trade. The abolitionist movements did also affect the already declining institution of slave trade and slavery in the Ottoman Empire. The Crimean War and the exodus of the Muslim communities from Caucasia, on the other hand, caused many Muslim refugees dispossessed and displaced, that is, render them vulnerable targets of ill-mannered activities. Captivity and kidnapping of these refugees, therefore, has been more than likely in the chaotic environment of the post-settlement Empire. Amongst the Muslim refugees, widowed women, and orphans, more often than the others, were the targets of the slave trade in the Empire. The Ottoman state and its institutions, however, were trying to deal with the illicit slave trade during the era. With the impetus caused by the population mobilities and wars from the 1850s onwards, the infamous Black Sea slave trade poured into the empire more often than before. The refugee groups from Caucasia, particularly, has a far-famed customs of enslavement. This paper, by using archival from the Ottoman Archive, will be an attempt to tell the story of refugee slaves with an emphasis on their gender, age and perceived customs of the refugee groups.