MESA Banner
The land is gone and the milk generates few liras, now what? Socio-economic struggle and the daughters of Arous al-Thawra
Abstract by Dr. Reda Rafei
Coauthors: Wassim El Naghi
On Session I-18  (New Perspectives in Gender History, 19th-20th c.)

On Monday, November 29 at 2:00 pm

2021 Annual Meeting

Abstract
For the largest part of the twentieth century and since the creation of the State of Great Lebanon in 1920, Tripoli, the once prominent Ottoman Province, was second, administratively and economically, to Beirut, the Capital city of Modern-day Lebanon. Although dire social, economic, and political circumstances affect all of Lebanon in the present day, these circumstances are multifold in this impoverished Lebanese and Mediterranean city where, according to the World Bank, more than 50% of the population live under the poverty line. These circumstances are affecting gender equality and economic independence for Tripolitan females. It is restricting women’s ability to have agency in personal and financial affairs. In this paper, I will argue that female inhabitants of Tripoli of the twenty-first century lost the leverage that could afford them agency and independence in matters related to their personal lives when they lost access to landed properties, either as owners or as wage earners. Looking back at the history of the city from two hundred years, recent research reveals a different picture of the family and female inhabitants of the city at a time of similar political and economic decline. According to Professor Beshara Doumani, “Tripoli’s propertied middle and working classes generally invested their time and energy in the vast green zone of irrigated orchards between the city and the coast.” This green zone was a highly commodified forest of cash-crops trees (citrus for export, mulberry for the silk production, and olive for olive oil and soap) which proximity allowed women much greater access to and management of commercially productive properties, especially irrigated orchards that were the main livelihood of the middling social groups in the city. Today the green zone completely disappeared from the landscape of Tripoli. The irrigated orchards and the olive groves gave way to upscale residential neighborhoods and luxurious apartment buildings. Female inhabitants of Tripoli, who relied for the longest time on income from horticulture and landed properties they have acquired either through inheritance or marriage, lost these main sources of support. Moreover, they can no longer count on steady income in the form of rent from urban real estate properties because legislation regulating the old lease contracts between landlords and tenants has been on hold for the past forty years or so for political reasons. Of course, the Lebanese pound's devaluation, to 80 percent since the inception of the October 2019 revolution, made matters even worse.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Lebanon
Sub Area
None