Abstract
This article explores manifold manifestations of queer refugee activism at various co-constitutive levels of governance and emphasizes LGBTQI+ refugee-led organizations’ role in providing protection for refugees in Turkey. It does so by adopting a novel approach to studying informal queer refugee organizing strategies through local and transnational networks: First, empirically, instead of focusing on organizations led by queer refugees from a single country of origin, this article investigates organizations led by Syrian, Iranian, and Afghan LGBTIQ+ refugees who fall under different legal frameworks and navigate different protection mechanisms in Turkey. Enshrined in the temporary protection and international protection frameworks, the scope of rights and services offered to refugees from various nationalities is different. However, this paper shows that LGBTQI+ refugee communities develop various everyday informal strategies to have access to social services in Turkey. Second and theoretically, introducing a multi-scale approach to queer refugee activism, the paper elucidates how LGBTQI+ refugee-led organizations operate at local and international levels in tandem, which in turn shape informal strategies available to these networks in Turkey. Drawing on multi-sited ethnography and more than 50 interviews with members of queer refugee organizations that operate in Turkey, the paper argues that when local refugee and gender policies are not conducive to overt queer organizing, LGBTQI+ refugee organizations turn to their diverse transnational networks which in turn facilitate Turkey-based refugees’ access to immediate protection needs.
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