Abstract
This paper examines visual materials from the archive of Hadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, which was established in 1912 in order to support the health and well-being of the Old Settlement in Palestine. Through research in the organization's archive in New York City, I found that in addition to the organization’s medical aid system that sought to introduce concepts of modern hygiene to both the Muslim and Sephardic Jewish native populations in Palestine, Hadassah also held and maintained a busy visual aids department that distributed images from Palestine among the American Jewish community. Therefore, this paper presents a new depiction of Hadassah as an organization that was actively engaged in spreading American medical aid in Palestine while simultaneously propagating images of native Palestinian women to members of the organization back home in the U.S.
Among the many visual documentations that are stored in the archive of Hadassah, this paper focuses on photos of mothers and nurses that appeared in the organization’s brochures. It reveals that the exchange of “medical aid for images” established by Hadassah was formulated within a stereotypical dichotomy of West vs. East, and depicted the native mothers as exotic, static, Oriental entities that stood in stark contrast to the active and modern educated nurses.
As those images were preserved in the Hadassah archive and sorted in accordance with the organization’s agenda, their meaning was captured in a fixed context. As the paper shows, taking a photo of “the native” without including her perspective is a known characteristic of the colonial visual archive that was designed to emphasize national master narratives.
While the submissive nature of the native mothers was interpreted as gratitude for the help they received from the American nurses in the context of the Hadassah archive, rereading the photo a century later brings attention to the silent voices and empty gazes of those capture, disconnecting them from their former functions as fundraising tools to confront ongoing hegemonic oppressive mainstream narratives.
Discipline
Geographic Area
Sub Area