Perhaps the least commented-upon tactic of counterinsurgency is also the one which affects the largest numbers of people. Beginning with the Boer War, counterinsurgent militaries began resettling civilian populations in a variety of new "habitations", which eventually -after the Second World War had given concentration camps macabre meaning- were given a series of innocuous-sounding names, such as New Villages, Reservations, Strategic Hamlets and the like (Cornaton 1998; Elkins 2005; Harper 1999; Short 1975; Thompson 1966). What resettlement entailed was population control technologies applied to civilians that an occupying or metropolitan power sought to discipline, tame, or pacify. With these mass incarceration methods, civilians suspected of support for insurgents could be concentrated under the surveillance and monitoring of the counterinsurgency army, their food, movement, and medical care could be closely controlled and rationed, and they could be brought to acquiesce through force, bribery, or hegemonic "persuasion." The language used to justify mass incarceration of civilians was the language of "protection," whereby ostensibly neutral civilians were to be made secure from the temptation of supporting irregular combatants. The most major recent innovation in counterinsurgency has occurred in this area, where instead of resettlement, in situ mass incarceration through improved technologies of control and surveillance can be exercised. The most obvious instance of such enclavisation is, of course, the areas within West Bank and Gaza which are bounded via a matrix of roads, checkpoints, walls, fences, barbed wire, settlements, and military patrols (Gordon 2008; Segal and Weizman 2003; Weizman 2007), and just as important, the US control of Falluja after 2004 (Carr 2008; Hills 2006; Rosen 2005). Here, the civilian population is made fully visible to the counterinsurgent army and reproduced en masse as suspect civilians subject to punitive measures and extreme ghettoisation. The utilisation of fingerprinting and iris scans to maintain a complete database of all civilians is another specific method of biopolitical control. This article will trace the evolution of the idea of population control through ethnographic and archival research, and drawing on memoirs of participants on both sides. The article will argue that civilian mass incarcerations are intended -however unsuccessfully- to produce docile subjects amenable to domination by and collaboration with counterinsurgent power (also see Foucault 2003; 2007).