The construction of masculinity and femininity in Israel has been an active ideological process, constructed through the linkages of eroticism and violence as a means of gendered nation-building. In the 1950s and 60s, erotic fiction about the Holocaust, called Stalags, was widely distributed in Israel, which engaged with competing Israeli notions of desire, masculinity, and revenge. These books were officially banned by police during the Eichmann trials, when national discourse changed from desire to security because of a Stalag publication which centered on a female protagonist. These tensions remerged in the late 00s, where a panic about protecting Jewish women’s bodies from Arabs focused on reports of a high number of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses from surrounding Arab countries logging on to Israeli porn sites. In the 2010s, bills about limiting access to pornography have repeatedly come before the Israeli legislature, even one to be debated after elections this April, while at the same time gay pornographic studios engage in pinkwashing to advertise Israel as a progressive site for male homosexuality in the region. Tracing these threads, I use discourse analysis to examine current debates about these pornography bills and studios which support and advertise Israeli eroticism, examining the ways in which they argue for protective—at time homoerotic—masculinity. I also trace historical interventions around imagined and idealized bodies and the military. In these instances, societal security (Buzan et al. 1998, Hansen 2011) becomes observable, and this securitization engages with pornography (Williams 2004) that centers on vulnerable female bodies needing to be protected. In this paper, I argue that pornography and the eroticism of violence has been used to reconstruct Israeli masculinity since the Holocaust, constantly struggling with a fragile masculinity being affected by the Other. The historical thread of the New Jew in large-scale wars and regular military training reconstitutes this masculinity, while the male gaze of brown bodies incites insecurity. I also assert that the promotion of Israeli militarized masculine bodies desired worldwide becomes an idealized phenomenon, while Israeli feminine bodies are able to be consumed only in relation to nation-building and reproduction.
International Relations/Affairs
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