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From Environmental Nakba to a Worldly Hydrocommons: Reading the Waterscapes of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea as Ecopolitical Refusal
Abstract
The Nakba as historic moment and enduring condition unites a forcibly fragmented Palestinian body politic and mnemonically marks the original violence of the Nakba as an ongoing event that has deeply shifted the natural, cultural, and political terrain of Palestinian existence. The notion of an environmental Nakba as such emerged recently but phenomenologically must be understood as a crucial component of Israel’s enduring ethnic cleansing project in Palestine, as a concomitant form of violence waged simultaneously on diverse Palestinian bodies and the waters and landscapes that connect them materially, historically, and imaginatively. When attending to the overlapping and sometimes contradictory layers of ancient, contemporary, fabricated, and concealed histories of Palestine, Edward Said proposes that in many cases, “one has to rely on landscape readings, because little else remains.” Taking Said’s proposition seriously, in this paper I attempt to read the Jordan River and the Dead Sea as Palestinian “bodies of water” – a term borrowed from Astrida Neimanas – that are in various ways staging ecopolitical refusal. The former feeds the latter, and in the past century, but especially in the past 35 years, both interconnected bodies of water have been subjected to severe depletion, settler colonial occupation, overdevelopment by Jordan and Israel, and asymmetric diversion resulting in the unsustainable and critical condition we find them in today. Reading the ecological phenomena of the depleted Jordan River and ever-emerging sinkholes that have swallowed parts of the disappearing coast of the Dead Sea as ecopolitical refusal reveals the constitutive relationship between forms of ecocidal and genocidal violence committed in the last century by the imperial regimes that have targeted the waters and landscape of Palestine and attempted to erase Indigenous Palestinian presence from them. In order to further unpack the modalities of destruction waged concomitantly by the environmental Nakba on the land and the ongoing Nakba on the Palestinians who live from it and dream of it in the diaspora I will consider the prominence of these interpermeable Palestinian ‘bodies of water’ to the Palestinian social and political imaginary in photographic, documentary, geological and literary accounts that point to the urgent need to reclaim these bodies of water as a hydrocommons.
Discipline
Media Arts
Geographic Area
Palestine
Sub Area
Arab-Israeli Conflict