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What’s love got to do with it? Women, the Muslim Brotherhood and organizational identity
Abstract
The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood is known for having a strong and cohesive organization, functional to its ability to survive recurring waves of state repression. Women also are pivotal to its organization and survival. In times of political stability, women are those members sustaining the movement’s social, religious and political activities. In times of repression, as observed after 2013, women played a key role as street mobilizers, they took care of the Brotherhood prisoners and their families, spread awareness about the movement through human rights and international organizations, led hunger strikes campaigns in support of prisoners, and provided emotional and material assistance to the victims of regime violence. Today, women are the ones taking care of the upbringing of Brotherhood’s children, thus guaranteeing the biological and ideological survival of the movement by nurturing new generations of committed Brotherhood activists. Based on interviews with women members of the Brotherhood carried out in Egypt between 2013 and 2019, this article argues that women’s gender politics within the sphere of the family undermines the movement’s ability to re-emerge from the current wave of repression on the basis of old values and principles. In particular, the article assesses how the circumstances of repression led women to reconsider patriarchal gender relations within the family sphere, and shows how this women’s activism challenges the identity and organizational structure over which the Brotherhood has historically rested. The article demonstrates so by analyzing women’s own articulations concerning their role within the family and marriage relationships in the aftermath of 2013. It uses “love” as an analytical lens, demonstrating that women’s demand for love within the realm of marriage speaks directly to their desire to shift the direction of loyalty and commitment from the Brotherhood to women, rather than from the women to the Brotherhood. Indeed, consistent with other contributions to this panel, the article reveals women’s desire to reform the Brotherhood along greater pluralist values and identities. Thus, the article suggests that Brotherhood scholarship should pay greater attention to women to understand current dynamics of continuity and change of the movement post-2013.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Egypt
Sub Area
Identity/Representation