Abstract
The Western allies and the neighboring regional states created a perception of the Kurds before, during and after WW1, as being unworthy of having their own state. Although it took the better part of an entire century, the Kurds finally proved them wrong by skillfully establishing and then managing the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) following Saddam's 1988 genocidal Anfal campaign and the failed 1991 Kurdish uprising. The KRG, however, alarmed the neighboring regional states who feared that the 2003 war had created favorable conditions for Kurdish independence via the new Iraqi constitution which enshrined democracy and federalism. This alarm prompted them to hold a series of conferences in Sharam al-Sheikh, Damascus, Tehran, and Istanbul in order to prevent the Kurds from declaring independence. Iraqi Arabs were active participants in these conferences. The Kurdish leadership, however, carefully trod Middle Eastern minefields in order to neutralize internal and external opposition to Iraq's new constitution. This Kurdish diplomacy has vigorously campaigned for consolidating their military and diplomatic gains in advance of the March 2010 Iraqi parliamentary elections and the subsequent scheduled U.S. combat troop withdrawal from Iraq in August 2010. Following six years of a cordial relationship with the United States, the KRG President Massoud Barzani also traveled to Washington on January 25, 2010 in order to gather support for his regional government. However, Washington refrained from making any explicit promise to Barzani. U. S. President Barack Obama simply encouraged Barzani to "take constructive actions on issues that divide Iraq [Arbil and Baghdad]," especially issues related to disputed areas and the oil law. Barzani called for the protection of Kurdish rights within the framework of the constitution, which Arabs wanted to revise. Not having better options, the Kurdish leadership continues navigating the Middle Eastern muddy waters with caution and exploiting Iraq's internal Arab division for their survival. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recent skillful KRG diplomatic interactions with the Western and neighboring regional states. To do so, this paper will employ objective content analysis of KRG documents as well as scholarly and media articles form various Western and regional sources.
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