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Management of Difference: Armenian Discourses on Turk(ishnes)s, 1918-1938
Abstract
This paper analyses the ways in which Turkish-Armenian intellectuals publicly wrote about their community’s presence in the Ottoman Empire. In particular, it examines how Armenian discourse about Turks and Turkishness evolved from the immediate aftermath of World War to the early decades of the Turkish Republic, which was officially promulgated in 1923. I trace this change through a close study of the Armenian periodicals published in Istanbul. The paper has two sections which correspond to the chronology of important events in Turkish and Armenian history. The first section focuses on the period from 1918 to 1923 and delineates various tropes with which Turkish- Armenian writers, journalists, social workers, professionals, and religious leaders approached the Turkish state and society. In this period, the Turks are generally seen as adversaries, they are accused of causing Armenian suffering (with regard to the mass massacres of 1915-16) and revenge is promoted. The signing of Lausanne Treaty (in 1923) which was immediately accompanied by the establishment of Turkish Republic, changed the political balances between the Turkish and Armenian populations. The Armenian population was considered “minority” under the protection of Turkish rule. During the early decades of the Turkish Republic various Turkification measures were employed to assimilate non-Turkish populations into Turkishness. The second section of the paper examines how the political changes corresponded to a change in the common public portrayal of the “majority:” the Turkish Armenian media, after 1923, increasingly acquires a friendly tone towards Turks, the recent mass killings are not mentioned at all, and the discourse of revenge disappears. The paper argues that it is in the first decades of the Turkish Republic that Armenian minority population in Turkey learned how to forget (at least publicly) their past and be silent about the contemporary discrimination against them. This was all done in order to ensure a rather peaceful co-habitance with the majority in the present.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
Armenian Studies