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One Thousand and One Confessions: The Fractured and Constructed Self in Elias Khoury's Yalo
Abstract
The novel Yalo by Elias Khoury begins with Daniel al-Abyad, a member of a marginalized ethnic community in Lebanon and former member of a Lebanese militia who is being interrogated on suspicion of rape and physical assault of numerous men and women. During this interrogation process, Daniel, also known as Yalo, endures severe torture while being forced to write a confession of his crimes. His life history is explored during this act of writing and we learn that for Yalo, physical violence and torture had become a way of life aimed at subjugating and coercing another, mainly, the enemy as a means of self-preservation. This paper will examine the invention and sublimation of the self through the act of writing. Khoury relies upon the Classical Arabic literary themes present in the One Thousand and One Nights yet breaks from the tradition as his protagonist becomes unsure and unstable of himself and his life story as he undergoes graphic torture. Like Scheherazade who must tell a new story to King Shahryar to prolong her life for an additional day, Yalo’s captors demand that he rewrite and retell his stories and confessions each day. In the course of writing his confessions, it is revealed that at first, Yalo has no real understanding of his past yet as the novel progresses, these forced examinations of himself and his conduct provide him with a clearer sense of his history. Yalo presents his story as though he is merely a spectator of his life through the use of the third person. His inability to articulate his thoughts in order to produce an acceptable confession is reminiscent of Elaine Scarry’s statement on intense pain for it is “language-destroying: as the content of one’s world disintegrates, so the content of one’s language disintegrates; as the self disintegrates, so that which would express and project the self is robbed of its source and its subject.” By the end of the novel, Yalo is rendered speechless after having been seated on the so-called “throne.” After this experience, Daniel, now speaking on behalf of Yalo, acknowledges the brutality of the torture methods used on him, and finally accepts his fate, using the first person and stating, “I can only congratulate you on your original methods of torture and your ability to extract a suspect’s confessions, as if you were extracting his soul.”
Discipline
Literature
Geographic Area
Lebanon
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries