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Qui Sommes-Nous?: Children of Harkis and the Challenge of French/Algerian National Narratives
Abstract
After decades of silence, harkis (Algerians often of Berber heritage who fought on the side of the French during the Algerian War) seem to have become all the rage in French public, literary and scholarly discourse. Long ignored by the French, and deemed traitors by many Algerians, a (re)examination of the role of harkis in French and Algerian national narratives has begun to claim a more prominent place in political and literary imaginations. Yet as Algerian historian Mohammed Harbi, renowned for his provocative body of work on le Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) and the Algerian War, challenges, “we must reevaluate the question of the harkis” by “dissociating the phenomenon of the harki himself from the situation of their children.” France has begun to “remember” the harki, passing laws (such as the 1994 Romani law and the 2005 Mekachera law) and staging national events (in 2001) to acknowledge their role in the Algerian War and the French national narrative. Yet for many, such as families deemed “irretrievable” by French administrators, these responses have been inadequate after years of neglect and marginalization spent in “temporary” internment camps on French soil. The result has been a community of French-born citizens who are not fully French, and who have not shared a common experience with the larger Algerian diaspora community. Yet these “children” (adults now and often today’s Beur) have begun to challenge their invisibility and marginalization by both France and Algeria. Using Harbi’s challenge identified above as a starting point, this paper will examine recent publications by and about children of harkis, such as Dalila Kerchouche’s Mon père ce harki (2003), Des vies: 62 enfants de harkis racontent (2010), Stéphanie Abrial’s Les enfants des Harkis, de la révolte à l’intégration (2002) and Vincent Crapanzano’s The Harkis: The Wound That Never Heals (2011). My paper is concerned with exploring this current project of remembering and re-membering harkis and the ways this re-imagined history – whether official, literary or subaltern – can shape current political and governmental policy in France and Algeria – for the harkis themselves but especially for their descendants. Through a juxtaposition of official and personal French, Algerian, and French Algerian voices, this paper will be considering the role of history in the following: what are the limits of inclusion and grounds for exclusion from national bodies, and how does one reconcile multiple marginalizations with the demands and responsibilities of national and cultural belonging?
Discipline
Literature
Geographic Area
Algeria
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries