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This is Not a Refugee: Muhajir as a (Ruined) Form of Life
Abstract
From Arendt to Agamben, the concept of ‘refugee’ pieced together a set of liminal problematics decisive for a savage genealogy of sovereignty in Europe. Refugee's nakedness was coupled with 'its' contentless presence. Refugee has no bearings; he is abandoned by God and Nation-State. In this paper, I will journey back in time to traverse ruins of Europe in order to to challenge the European identity machine. Starting with the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1862 and ending with the Balkan Wars of 1912-3, Muslims were not only purged but also became 'muhajirs'. Ottoman archives deliberately make a distinction between refugee (mülteci) and muhajir populations. Muhajir is the person who migrates because he is not able to exist in his homeland as a Muslim. Refugee and Muhajir, and the latter’s invisibility, are this paper's subjects. Refugee, presented as a zero-point, is a creature of a political-theology like Muhajir. History remained indifferent to Muhajir. When Europe was returned to its ‘rightful owners’, ‘Muhajir’s were left without a history only to take upon themselves garbs of new nationalities. I will draw out the contours of an assemblage that is buried under the nationalization of Muhajir and the universalization of Refugee. Thus, Muhajir goes through a double abandonment: Muhajir, reduced to a transitional situation, gets erased from national histories. Secondly, for Muhajir to secure a future in the time of nation-states, he has to forget where he came from. But what made this forgetting possible? Why ‘Muhajir’ turned into an impossible name to bear? This paper is a study in concept history that thinks with Skinner and Foucault with a view to ‘emergence’ (Rheinberger and Haverkamp). Emergence theory starts not with conclusions, but historically intensive moments that reveal, in a nutshell, potentialities surrounding an event. Rather than retroprojecting from the national histories ‘a history of state formation’, I disenclose the historiographic conventions and givens. Muhajir gives us a chance to resist sociological reductionism of everything to social, and allows us to penetrate the historical ways of knowing oneself and others that are lost to present.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries