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The Role of Cypriot and European/Anatolian Mamluks in Interactions between the Mamluk Sultanate and Cyprus
Abstract
Ottomanists have recently started paying increasing attention to slaves of Christian-European origin in the service of the Ottomans ("renegades"). They established that European "renegades" did not sever ties with their past, but rather continued to interact with their families and Christian-European states. In fact, the Ottomans appreciated European "renegades" precisely for their military/naval, cultural, and linguistic skills acquired before their conversion, as many of them functioned as sailors, shipwrights, translators, diplomats, and intelligence agents. Thus, they were embedded in trans-imperial networks and regularly "mobilized their roots", in their capacity as military men in border provinces and raiding vessels, diplomats, and spies. These "trans-imperial subjects" or "Mediterranean go-betweens" who crossed frontiers and the Mediterranean "contact zone" were "cultural brokers" exemplifying the "well-connectedness" of the Ottoman Empire and Christian Europe. It seems that a similar phenomenon existed already during the Mamluk Sultanate. The talk will focus on Cypriot and European/Anatolian maml?ks' involvement in interactions with Cyprus during the Mamluk Sultanate. Previous studies have shown that the movement of people between the Sultanate and Cyprus was routine, including maml?ks who settled in Cyprus after participating in military expeditions, some of them supposedly converted to Christianity but eventually returned to Egypt. Other studies discussed the identity and origins of envoys sent to Cyprus from the Mamluk Sultanate. However, while the role played by European/Anatolian maml?ks in Mamluk-Cypriot interactions is sometimes assumed on account of their familiarity with the culture of the opposing side, it is in great part undocumented. Based on Mamluk and European sources, and on information deduced from the names of maml?ks involved in military/naval and diplomatic interactions with Cyprus, I will suggest that most envoys, shipwrights, and captains were Europeans/Anatolians, and that Cypriot and European/Anatolian maml?ks were often stationed in frontier towns/ports, and participated in military expeditions to Cyprus. Some settled there and others moved back and forth from Cyprus to the Mamluk Sultanate.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Sub Area
Middle East/Near East Studies